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1 least significant change
Медицина: наименьшее значимое изменениеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > least significant change
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2 significant
1. n знак, символ; указание2. n лингв. означающее3. a знаменательный, важный4. a показательный, показывающийa gesture significant of consent — кивок, показывающий согласие
5. a существенный6. a многозначительный7. a лингв. значимый, несущий значение8. a мат. значащий, значимыйСинонимический ряд:1. expressive (adj.) eloquent; expressive; facund; meaningful; pregnant; rich; sententious; signifying; symbolic2. important (adj.) big; consequential; considerable; critical; crucial; historic; important; large; material; momentous; notable; pivotal; profound; serious; substantial; vital; weighty3. indicative (adj.) indicative; representative; suggestive4. indication (noun) evidence; index; indication; indicia; mark; sign; symptom; tokenАнтонимический ряд:insignificant; petty; shallow; trivial; unimportant -
3 LSC
1) Медицина: наименьшее значимое изменение, least significant change2) Спорт: Local Swim Club, Local Swim Conference3) Военный термин: Logistics Support Concept, launch sequence control, lead service concept, linear-shaped charge, load standardization crew, logistic support cadre, logistic support center5) Химия: liquid scintillation counting6) Математика: полунепрерывный снизу (lower semicontinuous)7) Ветеринария: Learning and Skills Council8) Сокращение: Law of the Sea Convention, Life Support Cost, LightSpeed C, Logistic Support Command (UK), Logistics Support Costs, Lecture Series Committee (of MIT)9) Университет: Lone Star College, Lyndon State College10) Вычислительная техника: least significant character11) Биотехнология: Laser Scanning Cytometry12) Транспорт: Luxury Sport Coupe13) Фирменный знак: Loral Systems Company14) Образование: Learning Skill Center, Learning Support Class, Local School Council, Local Swim Committee15) Сетевые технологии: Logon Status Checker16) Химическое оружие: Laboratory sample container17) Макаров: load supplying capacity18) Электротехника: шкаф со стороны линии, шкаф управления фазами, line side cabinet, line-side cabinet -
4 character
1) знак; символ; цифра; буква2) литера3) признак•- accuracy control character
- acknowledge character
- addressing character
- admissible character
- affirmative character
- alpha character
- alphanumeric character
- alphameric character
- alphabetic character
- backspace character
- bell character
- binary-coded character
- blank character
- block cancel character
- block check character
- block ignore character
- cancel character
- carriage control character
- carriage return character
- change character
- character-deletion character
- check character
- code character
- code directing character
- code extension character
- coded character
- command character
- communication control character
- compressed character
- concatenation character
- control character
- delete character
- digital character
- display character
- displayable character
- disturbed character
- don't care character
- double-high character
- edge character
- editing character
- eight-bit character
- end-of transmission character
- end-of-medium character
- end-of-message character
- end-of-text character
- end-of-word character
- enquiry character
- erase character
- error character
- escape character
- extension character
- face-change character
- facsimile character
- field separation character
- filling character
- fill character
- font-change character
- forbidden character
- format-control character
- form-feed character
- functional character
- gap character
- graphic character
- hand-printed character
- hand-written character
- heading character
- horizontal tabulation character
- identification character
- idle character
- ignore character
- illegal character
- improper character
- inadmissible character
- instruction character
- layout character
- least significant character
- leftmost character
- line delete character
- line end character
- line feed character
- locking shift character
- lower case character
- machine readable character
- magnetic-ink character
- magnetic character
- message-begining character
- message-ending character
- most significant character
- N-bit character
- negative acknowledge character
- new-line character
- nonlocking shift character
- nonnumeric character
- nonprintable character
- N-segment character
- null character
- numeric character
- operational character
- pad character
- paper throw character
- polling character
- print control character
- printable character
- printed character
- protection character
- record separator character
- redundant character
- relation character
- repetition character
- replacement character
- return character
- rightmost character
- rub-out character
- separating character
- shift character
- shift-in character
- shift-out character
- silent character
- space character
- special character
- start-of-heading character
- start-of-text character
- stroked character
- substitute character
- switch character
- symbolic character
- synchronous character
- sync character
- tabulation character
- tape-skip restore character
- terminating character
- throw-away character
- transmission control character
- unprintable character
- unusual character
- upper case character
- vertical tabulation character
- warning character
- white-space character
- who-are-you character
- wild card characterEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > character
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5 character
ˈkærɪktə
1. сущ. происходит от греческого слова со значением "инструмент для вырезания"
1) о символах различного рода а) буква, иероглиф;
цифра;
письмо;
знак (вообще), клеймо to form, trace, write characters ≈ тщательно выписывать буквы/цифры/иероглифы, выводить буквы/цифры/иероглифы special characters ≈ специальные символы Arabic character cuneiform character Cyrillic character Greek character Latin character mathematical character Chinese characters Runic character б) почерк Written in an unsteady character. ≈ Написанное неровным почерком. в) полигр. литера г) полигр. гарнитура д) шифр( для передачи секретных сообщений)
2) о человеке и его свойствах а) характер man of character man of no character Syn: temperament б) личность, фигура Most women have no character at all. ≈ У большинства женщин невозможно обнаружить ничего, похожего на личность ( Поуп) to form, mold one's character ≈ формировать личность to reflect smb.'s character ≈ копировать кого-л., стараться быть похожим на кого-л. bad character ≈ темная личность disreputable character ≈ человек с сомнительной репутацией impeccable, stainless character ≈ человек с безупречной репутацией firm, strong character ≈ сильная личность excellent, fine, good character ≈ прекрасный человек lovable character ≈ любвеобильный человек national character ≈ национальный характер true character ≈ истинная личность, настоящий человек upright character ≈ честный человек weak character ≈ слабовольная личность public character в) репутация г) лит. образ, герой;
тип;
роль, действующее лицо( в литературе) to play, portray a character ≈ играть роль какого-л. персонажа (в пьесе) to delineate, depict, draw a character ≈ нарисовать образ, изобразить героя to develop a character ≈ развить чей-л. образ, разработать чей-л. образ to kill off a character ≈ избавиться от какого-л. героя в пьесе fictitious character ≈ вымышленный персонаж leading, main, major, principal character ≈ главный герой;
актер, играющий главную роль minor, supporting character ≈ второстепенный персонаж, актер второго состава д) разг. оригинал, чудак, тип He is quite a character. ≈ Это такой фрукт!
3) о свойствах вообще а) собственно качество, свойство б) письменная рекомендация, характеристика в) характерная особенность, отличительный признак;
признак( вообще) assume a character innate character acquired character character dance ∙ to be in character (with) ≈ соответствовать to be out of character ≈ не соответствовать
2. прил.;
театр. характерный см. character
1.
3) character actor
3. гл.
1) наносить символы а) вырезать, гравировать Syn: engrave, inscribe б) писать в) запечатлевать Syn: embody
2) архаич. представлять, являть, символизировать Tiger characters here a predator. ≈ Тигр здесь символизирует саму идею хищника.
3) характеризовать(ся) ;
давать характеристику, описывать You have well charactered him. ≈ Вы довольно точно описали его как человека. So has the year been charactered with woe. ≈ Год был отмечен печатью скорби. характер;
нрав сильный характер;
- a man of * человек с характером, волевой человек;
- he has no * at all он человек безвольный, он тряпка честность;
моральная устойчивость;
- * building воспитательная работа;
воспитание характера, формирование морального облика характер;
качество;
природа;
- the * of the northern plains is different from that of the South по своему характеру северные равнины отличаются от равнин юга;
- to see a thing in its true * видеть вещь в ее истинном свете;
- people of this * люди такого рода;
- advertising of a very primitive * реклама самого примитивного пошиба официальное качество;
положение;
статус, достоинство, ранг, звание, сан;
- under the * of в качестве;
под именем;
- he spoke in the * of lawyer он выступал в качестве адвоката характерная особенность;
отличительный признак;
свойство;
- the trunk is a * found only in elephants хобот - это характерная особенность, встречающаяся только у слонов (биология) признак;
- innate *s наследственные признаки;
- acquired * приобретенный признак;
- dominant * доминантный признак репутация;
- * assassin злостный клеветник;
- * assassination злостная клевета;
подрыв репутации;
- he has an excellent * for honesty он имеет репутацию безукоризненно честного человека, он славится своей честностью;
- he has gained the * of a miser он заслужил славу скряги;
- left without a shred of * потеряв доброе имя письменная рекомендация;
характеристика;
аттестация;
- * rating (американизм) служебная характеристика;
- * certificate( военное) служебная характеристика;
аттестация;
- the servant came with a good * слуга пришел с хорошей рекомендацией;
- she gives you a bad * она вас не хвалит фигура, личность;
- a bad * темная личность;
- public * общественный деятель;
- he was a great * in his day в свое время он был крупной фигурой (разговорное) чудак, оригинал, своеобразная личность;
- quite a * большой оригинал;
- a bit of a * человек со странностями (литературоведение) герой, персонаж;
тип;
образ, действующее лицо роль (в пьесе) - to play the * of Macbeth исполнять роль Макбета литера;
буква;
цифра;
печатный знак иероглиф, идеограмма;
- Chinese has no alphabet and is written in *s китайский язык не имеет алфавита и пользуется иероглифической письменностью шрифт;
графика;
письмо;
- a book in Gothic * книга, напечатанная готическим шрифтом;
- Runic * руническое письмо знак (астрономический и т. п.;
условное обозначение;
- magic *s магические знаки /символы/ символ (в языке ЭВМ) - command * управляющий символ;
- * display текстовый дисплей;
- * graphics символьная графика, псевдографика;
- * mode текстовый /символьный/ режим опознавательный знак;
клеймо, марка, тавро;
- stamped with the * of sublimity( образное) отмеченный печатью величия шифр, код;
тайнопись кабалистический знак > to be in * (with) соответствовать;
> that is quite in * with the man это очень на него похоже;
для него это типично;
> to be out of * не соответствовать (чему-л.) ;
не вязаться, быть несовместимым (с чем-л.) > it is out of * for small children to sit still for a long time маленьким детям несвойственно долго сидеть смирно (театроведение) характерный;
- * actor характерный актер;
актер на характерных ролях;
- * part характерная роль характеризовать;
давать характеристику, оценку (кому-л., чему-л.) (устаревшее) описывать;
изображать( устаревшее) надписывать;
вырезать надпись;
гравировать accent ~ вчт. символ ударения acknowledge ~ вчт. знак подтверждения приема acknowledge ~ (ACK) вчт. знак подтверждения приема acquired ~ биол. благоприобретенный отличительный признак организма (в отличие от наследственного) admissible ~ вчт. разрешенный символ alphabetic ~ вчт. алфавитный знак alphabetic ~ вчт. буквенный символ alphanumeric ~ вчт. алфавитно-цифровой символ ~ фигура, личность;
a public character общественный деятель;
a bad character темная личность to be in ~ (with) соответствовать;
to be out of character не соответствовать to be in ~ (with) соответствовать;
to be out of character не соответствовать bind ~ вчт. знак присваивания blank ~ вчт. знак пробела blank ~ вчт. символ пробела block cancel ~ вчт. символ отмены блока block check ~ вчт. символ контроля блока cancel ~ вчт. символ отмены carriage return ~ вчт. символ возврата каретки character аттестация ~ буква;
литера;
иероглиф;
цифра;
алфавит;
письмо;
Chinese characters китайские иероглифы;
Runic character руническое письмо ~ вчт. буква ~ буква ~ запечатлевать ~ вчт. знак ~ знак ~ качество, свойство ~ клеймо ~ лит. образ, герой;
тип;
роль, действующее лицо (в драме) ~ опознавательный знак ~ разг. оригинал, чудак;
quite a character оригинальный человек ~ отличительный признак ~ письменная рекомендация, характеристика ~ письменная рекомендация ~ признак ~ репутация ~ свойство ~ вчт. символ ~ символ ~ фигура, личность;
a public character общественный деятель;
a bad character темная личность ~ характер;
a man of character человек с (сильным) характером;
a man of no character слабый, бесхарактерный человек ~ характер ~ уст. характеризовать ~ характеристика ~ характерная особенность;
отличительный признак;
innate characters биол. наследственные признаки ~ характерная особенность ~ цифра ~ attr. характерный;
character actor актер на характерных ролях ~ attr. характерный;
character actor актер на характерных ролях ~-deletion ~ вчт. знак отмены символа check ~ вчт. контрольный знак ~ буква;
литера;
иероглиф;
цифра;
алфавит;
письмо;
Chinese characters китайские иероглифы;
Runic character руническое письмо code ~ вчт. кодовый знак coded ~ вчт. закодированный символ command ~ вчт. управляющый символ comparison ~ вчт. знак сравнения control ~ вчт. управляющий символ delete ~ вчт. знак стирания digital ~ вчт. цифровой знак displayable ~ вчт. воспроизводимый символ disturbed ~ вчт. искаженный символ don't care ~ вчт. безразличный символ double-high ~ вчт. символ удвоенной высоты edge ~ вчт. признак границы editing ~ вчт. символ управления форматом end-of-medium ~ вчт. признак конца носителя end-of-message ~ вчт. признак конца сообщения end-of-text ~ вчт. знак конца текста end-of-transmission block ~ вчт. знак конца блока данных end-of-transmission ~ вчт. знак конца обмена данными end-of-word ~ вчт. признак конца слова enquiry ~ вчт. символ запроса erase ~ вчт. символ стирания error ~ вчт. знак ошибки escape ~ вчт. символ начала управляющей последовательности face-change ~ вчт. символ смены шрифта field separation ~ вчт. знак разделения полей fill ~ вчт. символ - заполнитель font-change ~ вчт. знак смены типа шрифта forbidden ~ вчт. запрещенный символ form feed ~ вчт. символ прогона страницы form-feed ~ вчт. знак подачи бланка format ~ вчт. символ управления форматом format-control ~ вчт. символ управления форматом fundamental ~ основополагающий характер gap ~ вчт. символ пробела good ~ хорошая репутация graphic ~ вчт. графический знак hand-printed ~ вчт. рукописный символ hand-written ~ вчт. рукописный символ horisontal tabulation ~ вчт. знак горизонтальной табуляции identification ~ вчт. идентификационный символ idle ~ вчт. холостой знак ignore ~ вчт. знак игнорирования illegal ~ вчт. запрещенный знак illegal ~ запрещенный знак illegal ~ вчт. запрещенный символ improper ~ вчт. запрещенный символ inadmissible ~ вчт. недопустимый символ information ~ вчт. информационный символ ~ характерная особенность;
отличительный признак;
innate characters биол. наследственные признаки inquiry ~ вчт. знак вопроса instruction ~ вчт. символ команды kill ~ вчт. символ приостановки процесса kill ~ вчт. символ удаления части текста layout ~ вчт. символ управления форматом least significant ~ вчт. знак самого младшего разряда leftmost ~ вчт. левый крайний знак line delete ~ вчт. знак вычеркивания строки line end ~ вчт. признак конца строки line feed ~ вчт. знак смещения строки logical operation ~ вчт. знак логической операции logout ~ вчт. знак размещения lower case ~ вчт. символ нижнего разряда machine-readable ~ вчт. машиночитаемый символ ~ характер;
a man of character человек с (сильным) характером;
a man of no character слабый, бесхарактерный человек man: man в устойчивых сочетаниях: как обладатель определенных качеств: man of character человек с характером ~ характер;
a man of character человек с (сильным) характером;
a man of no character слабый, бесхарактерный человек master ~ вчт. базовый кегль most significant ~ вчт. знак самого старшего разряда new line ~ вчт. знак новой строки new-line ~ вчт. признак новой строки nonnumeric ~ вчт. нецифровой знак nonprintable ~ вчт. непечатаемый символ nonprinting ~ вчт. непечатаемый символ numeric ~ вчт. цифра numeric ~ вчт. цифровой знак official ~ служебный характер overall ~ общий характер pad ~ вчт. символ - заполнитель paper-throw ~ вчт. знак прогона бумаги polling ~ вчт. символ опроса print control ~ вчт. символ управления печатью printable ~ вчт. печатаемый знак printed ~ вчт. печатный знак professional ~ профессиональный характер protection ~ вчт. знак защиты ~ фигура, личность;
a public character общественный деятель;
a bad character темная личность public ~ общественный деятель punctuation ~ вчт. знак пунктуации punctuation ~s знаки пунктуации ~ разг. оригинал, чудак;
quite a character оригинальный человек record separator ~ вчт. разделитель записей record: ~ separator character вчт. разделитель записей redundant ~ вчт. избыточный знак relation ~ вчт. знак отношения replacement ~ вчт. признак замены rightmost ~ вчт. правый крайний знак ~ буква;
литера;
иероглиф;
цифра;
алфавит;
письмо;
Chinese characters китайские иероглифы;
Runic character руническое письмо separating ~ вчт. разделитель separation ~ разделительный знак shift ~ вчт. символ переключения shift-in ~ вчт. знак восстановления кода shift-out ~ вчт. знак расширения кода silent ~ вчт. непроизносимый знак space ~ вчт. пробел special ~ вчт. специальный знак special ~ comp. специальный знак special ~ comp. специальный символ start-of-text ~ вчт. знак начала текста stroked ~ вчт. штриховой знак substitute ~ вчт. знак замены switch ~ вчт. символ переключения symbolic ~ вчт. символьный знак tabulation ~ вчт. знак табуляции terminating ~ вчт. оконечный знак throw-away ~ вчт. отбрасываемый знак transmission control ~ вчт. знак управления передачей unprintable ~ вчт. непечатаемый символ unusual ~ вчт. экзотический символ vertical tabulation ~ вчт. знак вертикальной табуляции white-space ~ вчт. разделитель who-are-you ~ вчт. символ запроса автоответчика wildcard ~ вчт. безразличный символ, джокер, символ-заменительБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > character
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6 character
1) символ; знак2) вчт литера3) иероглиф4) стиль (напр. документа)5) фтт характер группы6) печатать; писать7) шифр9) характерная особенность; отличительный признак10) роль (напр. в телесериале)•- acknowledge charactercharacters per inch — число символов на дюйм ( характеристика плотности расположения символов в строке)
- active character
- admissible character
- all-zeros character
- alpha character
- alphabetic character
- alphanumeric character
- ASCII character
- assignment character
- auxiliary character
- backspace character
- bang character
- barred character
- basic character
- binary-coded character
- blank character
- block cancel character
- block check character
- built-up character
- cancel character
- checking character
- code character
- code extension character
- command character
- communication control character
- control character
- Cyrillic characters - digital character
- dot-pattern character
- editing character
- enquiry character
- erase character
- escape character
- extensible character
- face-change character
- fill character
- font-change character
- format character
- form-feed character
- fully formed character
- function character
- fundamental character
- garbage characters
- global character
- graphic character
- group character
- high-order character
- idle character
- illegal character
- information character
- layout character - lower-case character
- magnetic character
- math character
- mathematical character
- most significant character
- national character
- negative acknowledgement character
- new-line character
- nonadmissible character
- non-ASCII character
- nonblocking shift character
- nongraphic character
- nonprinting character
- null character
- numeric character
- oblique stroke character
- optical character
- pad character
- page-eject character
- paper-throw character
- pipe character
- polling character
- print control character
- reserved character
- scan-pattern character
- shift character
- shift-in character
- shift-out character
- sign character
- space character
- special character
- standard character
- stroke character
- stroke-pattern character
- sync character
- synchronous idle character
- underscore character
- unprintable character
- upper-case character -
7 character
1) символ; знак2) вчт. литера3) иероглиф4) стиль (напр. документа)5) фтт. характер группы6) печатать; писать7) шифр9) характерная особенность; отличительный признак10) роль (напр. в телесериале)•- acknowledge charactercharacters per inch — число символов на дюйм ( характеристика плотности расположения символов в строке)
- active character
- admissible character
- all-zeros character
- alpha character
- alphabetic character
- alphanumeric character
- ASCII character
- assignment character
- auxiliary character
- backspace character
- bang character
- barred character
- basic character
- binary-coded character
- blank character
- block cancel character
- block check character
- built-up character
- cancel character
- checking character
- code character
- code extension character
- command character
- communication control character
- control character
- Cyrillic characters
- delete character
- device control character
- digital character
- dot-pattern character
- editing character
- enquiry character
- erase character
- escape character
- extensible character
- face-change character
- fill character
- font-change character
- format character
- form-feed character
- fully formed character
- function character
- fundamental character
- garbage characters
- global character
- graphic character
- group character
- high-order character
- idle character
- illegal character
- information character
- layout character
- least significant character
- literal character
- lower-case character
- magnetic character
- math character
- mathematical character
- most significant character
- national character
- negative acknowledgement character
- new-line character
- nonadmissible character
- non-ASCII character
- nonblocking shift character
- nongraphic character
- nonprinting character
- null character
- numeric character
- oblique stroke character
- optical character
- pad character
- page-eject character
- paper-throw character
- pipe character
- polling character
- print control character
- reserved character
- scan-pattern character
- shift character
- shift-in character
- shift-out character
- sign character
- space character
- special character
- standard character
- stroke character
- stroke-pattern character
- sync character
- synchronous idle character
- underscore character
- unprintable character
- upper-case characterThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > character
-
8 character
[ˈkærɪktə]accent character вчт. символ ударения acknowledge character вчт. знак подтверждения приема acknowledge character (ACK) вчт. знак подтверждения приема acquired character биол. благоприобретенный отличительный признак организма (в отличие от наследственного) admissible character вчт. разрешенный символ alphabetic character вчт. алфавитный знак alphabetic character вчт. буквенный символ alphanumeric character вчт. алфавитно-цифровой символ character фигура, личность; a public character общественный деятель; a bad character темная личность to be in character (with) соответствовать; to be out of character не соответствовать to be in character (with) соответствовать; to be out of character не соответствовать bind character вчт. знак присваивания blank character вчт. знак пробела blank character вчт. символ пробела block cancel character вчт. символ отмены блока block check character вчт. символ контроля блока cancel character вчт. символ отмены carriage return character вчт. символ возврата каретки character аттестация character буква; литера; иероглиф; цифра; алфавит; письмо; Chinese characters китайские иероглифы; Runic character руническое письмо character вчт. буква character буква character запечатлевать character вчт. знак character знак character качество, свойство character клеймо character лит. образ, герой; тип; роль, действующее лицо (в драме) character опознавательный знак character разг. оригинал, чудак; quite a character оригинальный человек character отличительный признак character письменная рекомендация, характеристика character письменная рекомендация character признак character репутация character свойство character вчт. символ character символ character фигура, личность; a public character общественный деятель; a bad character темная личность character характер; a man of character человек с (сильным) характером; a man of no character слабый, бесхарактерный человек character характер character уст. характеризовать character характеристика character характерная особенность; отличительный признак; innate characters биол. наследственные признаки character характерная особенность character цифра character attr. характерный; character actor актер на характерных ролях character attr. характерный; character actor актер на характерных ролях character-deletion character вчт. знак отмены символа check character вчт. контрольный знак character буква; литера; иероглиф; цифра; алфавит; письмо; Chinese characters китайские иероглифы; Runic character руническое письмо code character вчт. кодовый знак coded character вчт. закодированный символ command character вчт. управляющый символ comparison character вчт. знак сравнения control character вчт. управляющий символ delete character вчт. знак стирания digital character вчт. цифровой знак displayable character вчт. воспроизводимый символ disturbed character вчт. искаженный символ don't care character вчт. безразличный символ double-high character вчт. символ удвоенной высоты edge character вчт. признак границы editing character вчт. символ управления форматом end-of-medium character вчт. признак конца носителя end-of-message character вчт. признак конца сообщения end-of-text character вчт. знак конца текста end-of-transmission block character вчт. знак конца блока данных end-of-transmission character вчт. знак конца обмена данными end-of-word character вчт. признак конца слова enquiry character вчт. символ запроса erase character вчт. символ стирания error character вчт. знак ошибки escape character вчт. символ начала управляющей последовательности face-change character вчт. символ смены шрифта field separation character вчт. знак разделения полей fill character вчт. символ - заполнитель font-change character вчт. знак смены типа шрифта forbidden character вчт. запрещенный символ form feed character вчт. символ прогона страницы form-feed character вчт. знак подачи бланка format character вчт. символ управления форматом format-control character вчт. символ управления форматом fundamental character основополагающий характер gap character вчт. символ пробела good character хорошая репутация graphic character вчт. графический знак hand-printed character вчт. рукописный символ hand-written character вчт. рукописный символ horisontal tabulation character вчт. знак горизонтальной табуляции identification character вчт. идентификационный символ idle character вчт. холостой знак ignore character вчт. знак игнорирования illegal character вчт. запрещенный знак illegal character запрещенный знак illegal character вчт. запрещенный символ improper character вчт. запрещенный символ inadmissible character вчт. недопустимый символ information character вчт. информационный символ character характерная особенность; отличительный признак; innate characters биол. наследственные признаки inquiry character вчт. знак вопроса instruction character вчт. символ команды kill character вчт. символ приостановки процесса kill character вчт. символ удаления части текста layout character вчт. символ управления форматом least significant character вчт. знак самого младшего разряда leftmost character вчт. левый крайний знак line delete character вчт. знак вычеркивания строки line end character вчт. признак конца строки line feed character вчт. знак смещения строки logical operation character вчт. знак логической операции logout character вчт. знак размещения lower case character вчт. символ нижнего разряда machine-readable character вчт. машиночитаемый символ character характер; a man of character человек с (сильным) характером; a man of no character слабый, бесхарактерный человек man: man в устойчивых сочетаниях: как обладатель определенных качеств: man of character человек с характером character характер; a man of character человек с (сильным) характером; a man of no character слабый, бесхарактерный человек master character вчт. базовый кегль most significant character вчт. знак самого старшего разряда new line character вчт. знак новой строки new-line character вчт. признак новой строки nonnumeric character вчт. нецифровой знак nonprintable character вчт. непечатаемый символ nonprinting character вчт. непечатаемый символ numeric character вчт. цифра numeric character вчт. цифровой знак official character служебный характер overall character общий характер pad character вчт. символ - заполнитель paper-throw character вчт. знак прогона бумаги polling character вчт. символ опроса print control character вчт. символ управления печатью printable character вчт. печатаемый знак printed character вчт. печатный знак professional character профессиональный характер protection character вчт. знак защиты character фигура, личность; a public character общественный деятель; a bad character темная личность public character общественный деятель punctuation character вчт. знак пунктуации punctuation characters знаки пунктуации character разг. оригинал, чудак; quite a character оригинальный человек record separator character вчт. разделитель записей record: character separator character вчт. разделитель записей redundant character вчт. избыточный знак relation character вчт. знак отношения replacement character вчт. признак замены rightmost character вчт. правый крайний знак character буква; литера; иероглиф; цифра; алфавит; письмо; Chinese characters китайские иероглифы; Runic character руническое письмо separating character вчт. разделитель separation character разделительный знак shift character вчт. символ переключения shift-in character вчт. знак восстановления кода shift-out character вчт. знак расширения кода silent character вчт. непроизносимый знак space character вчт. пробел special character вчт. специальный знак special character comp. специальный знак special character comp. специальный символ start-of-text character вчт. знак начала текста stroked character вчт. штриховой знак substitute character вчт. знак замены switch character вчт. символ переключения symbolic character вчт. символьный знак tabulation character вчт. знак табуляции terminating character вчт. оконечный знак throw-away character вчт. отбрасываемый знак transmission control character вчт. знак управления передачей unprintable character вчт. непечатаемый символ unusual character вчт. экзотический символ vertical tabulation character вчт. знак вертикальной табуляции white-space character вчт. разделитель who-are-you character вчт. символ запроса автоответчика wildcard character вчт. безразличный символ, джокер, символ-заменитель -
9 bit
̈ɪbɪt кусок;
кусочек - small *s of sugar кусочки сахара - small *s of plaster куски штукатурки - every * of все - he ate all the cake * by * он по кусочку съел весь пирог - to go to *s разбиться на мелкие кусочки частица, доля - give me a * дай мне немного небольшое количество, немного, чуть-чуть - a * at a time понемногу, не спеша, постепенно - wait a * подожди немного - I am a * tired я немного устал - he is a * late он слегка опоздал - not a * нисколько, ничуть - he is a * of a coward он трусоват (разговорное) мелкая монета - threepenny * монета в три пенса - short * (американизм) монета в 10 центов - long * монета в 15 центов - two *s (американизм) монета в 25 центов (американизм) (сленг) срок заключения (американизм) (сленг) эпизодическая роль - * player киноактер или киноактриса, исполняющие эпизодические роли;
статистика поведение, образ действий - this is strictly a fascist * так могут поступать только фашисты обычная процедура - the familiar 1-2-3-4 * to check the acoustics обычная процедура счета вслух, принятый в таких случаях счет раз-два-три-четыре для проверки акустики мода, фасон;
стиль( одежды) - the bouffant * мода на пышные юбки и рукава предмет обсуждения - as for the * about marriage... если речь идет о браке... > * by * постепенно > a good * изрядно, много > a good * older много старше > a nice * of money немало денег > a saucy * дерзкая девчонка > *s and pieces всякая всячина, всякий хлам;
остатки, обрезки, кусочки чего-л > to do one's * внести свою лепту;
исполнить свой долг > to take a * of doing требовать затраты усилий > a * much необдуманно, неосмотрительно;
хватить через край > a * of all right( разговорное) здорово, хорошо бурав зубило зубок (врубовой цепи) ;
вставной резец режущая кромка (инструмента) бородка ключа головка паяльника удила, мундштук;
трензель - to be on the * идти на поводу - to be over the * не слушаться повода (конный спорт) - to draw * натянуть поводья, остановить лошадь;
замедлить, уменьшить скорость > to champ at the * проявлять нетерпение > to take the * between one's teeth закусить удила, не знать удержу взнуздывать обуздывать, сдерживать( компьютерное) бит;
(двоичная) единица информации - * rate скорость передачи информации - * image двоичный образ, битовый образ past и p.p. от biteaddition ~ вчт. дополнительный битaddress ~ вчт. разряд адресаbit past & p. p. от bite ~ вчт. бит ~ бородка (ключа) ~ бур;
бурав;
зубило ~ взнуздывать ~ двоичный знак( в вычислительных машинах) ~ вчт. двоичный разряд ~ кусочек;
частица, небольшое количество;
a bit немного;
not a bit ничуть;
bit by bit постепенно;
wait a bit подождите минуту;
he is a bit of a coward он трусоват ~ кусочек;
частица, небольшое количество;
a bit немного;
not a bit ничуть;
bit by bit постепенно;
wait a bit подождите минуту;
he is a bit of a coward он трусоват ~ мелкая монета;
short bit амер. монета в 10 центов;
long bit монета в 15 центов;
two bit s амер. монета в 25 центов ~ обуздывать, сдерживать ~ режущий край инструмента;
лезвие ~ удила;
мундштук;
to draw bit натянуть поводья, вожжи;
to take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила~ attr.: ~ part эпизодическая роль~ кусочек;
частица, небольшое количество;
a bit немного;
not a bit ничуть;
bit by bit постепенно;
wait a bit подождите минуту;
he is a bit of a coward он трусоват ~ by ~ вчт. побитно ~ by ~ вчт. поразрядно~ off вчт. нулевой бит~ attr.: ~ part эпизодическая роль~ per inch вчт. бит на дюйм~ per second вчт. бит в секундуto do one's ~ внести свою лепту;
делать свое дело, исполнять свой долг;
bits and pieces остатки, обрезки, хламbits off вчт. нулевые битыchange ~ вчт. бит измененийdeletion ~ вчт. бит удаленияto do one's ~ внести свою лепту;
делать свое дело, исполнять свой долг;
bits and pieces остатки, обрезки, хлам~ удила;
мундштук;
to draw bit натянуть поводья, вожжи;
to take the bit between one's teeth закусить удилаdropped ~ вчт. потерянный битflag ~ вчт. флаговый разрядframing ~ вчт. кадрирующий битto get a ~ on разг. быть навеселе;
he (she) is a bit long in the tooth он (она) уже не ребенок~ кусочек;
частица, небольшое количество;
a bit немного;
not a bit ничуть;
bit by bit постепенно;
wait a bit подождите минуту;
he is a bit of a coward он трусоватhigh ~ вчт. единичный битignore ~ вчт. пустой разрядinformation ~ вчт. информационный разрядleast-significant ~ вчт. младший разрядlockout ~ вчт. разряд блокировки~ мелкая монета;
short bit амер. монета в 10 центов;
long bit монета в 15 центов;
two bit s амер. монета в 25 центовlow ~ вчт. нулевой битmask ~ вчт. бит маскиmatch ~ вчт. разряд совпаденияmerging ~s вчт. биты сшиванияmost significant ~ вчт. старший бит~ кусочек;
частица, небольшое количество;
a bit немного;
not a bit ничуть;
bit by bit постепенно;
wait a bit подождите минуту;
he is a bit of a coward он трусоват not: ~ at all не стоит( благодарности) ;
not a bit (of it) нисколько;
not but, not but that, not but what хотя;
не то чтобыopcode ~ вчт. разряд кода операцииpresence ~ вчт. бит наличияprotection ~ вчт. бит защитыqualifying ~ вчт. указательный битreference ~ вчт. бит обращенияsecurity ~ вчт. бит защитыservice ~ вчт. служебный бит~ мелкая монета;
short bit амер. монета в 10 центов;
long bit монета в 15 центов;
two bit s амер. монета в 25 центовsign ~ вчт. знаковый битslack ~s вчт. заполняющий битstack ~ вчт. заполняющий битstart ~ вчт. стартовый битstop ~ вчт. стоп-бит stop ~ вчт. стоповый битto take a ~ of doing требовать затраты усилий~ удила;
мундштук;
to draw bit натянуть поводья, вожжи;
to take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила~ мелкая монета;
short bit амер. монета в 10 центов;
long bit монета в 15 центов;
two bit s амер. монета в 25 центовunit ~ вчт. единичный битuse ~ вчт. бит пользователяvalidity ~ вчт. бит достоверности validity ~ вчт. разряд достоверности~ кусочек;
частица, небольшое количество;
a bit немного;
not a bit ничуть;
bit by bit постепенно;
wait a bit подождите минуту;
he is a bit of a coward он трусоватzero ~ вчт. нулевой битzone ~ вчт. бит зоны -
10 bit
I2) наконечник3) лезвие, режущая кромка ( инструмента)4) резец; режущий инструмент6) долото8) жало (паяльника, отвёртки)10) вчт. (двоичный) разряд, бит; флажок-признак12) текст. платина13) текст. звено распределительной цепи14) текст. замочный клин15) мн. ч. оспины ( на поверхности лакокрасочного покрытия)•to break drill bit off — отвинчивать буровое долото;to buildback ( to buildup) drill bit — восстанавливать буровое долото;to pull drill bit green — поднимать буровое долото несработанным;to trip drill bit — поднимать и спускать буровое долото ( в процессе бурения)bit of axe — лезвие топора-II сокр. от
address bit
-
annular bit
-
auger bit
-
availability bit
-
bell-hanger's bit
-
blade drill bit
-
blade-diamond drill bit
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blasthole bit
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blunt drill bit
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boring bit
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brace bit
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broaching bit
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broach bit
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button bit
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cable drill bit
-
carbide bit
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carry bit
-
center bit
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ceramic bit
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chamfer bit
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change bit
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check bit
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chert drill bit
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chisel drill bit
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chisel-type bit
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clock bit
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collapsible drill bit
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common bit
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concave bit
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control bit
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copper bit
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core drill bit
-
counting bit
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crown bit
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cutting bit
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data bit
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diamond crown bit
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diamond drill bit
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drag drill bit
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drilling bit
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drill bit
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drop-center bit
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duckbill bit
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ear bit
-
eccentric drill bit
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effective bit
-
end bit
-
erroneous bit
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expandable drill bit
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finishing bit
-
first bit
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fishtail drill bit
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flag bit
-
flat bit
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Forstner bit
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four-wing churn drill bit
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free-railing bit
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gimlet bit
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green drill bit
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guard bit
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gumbo drill bit
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hard-alloy crown bit
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hard-alloy drill bit
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hard-faced drill bit
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heavy-set diamond drill bit
-
high bit
-
high-order bit
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hooked knockover bit
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housekeeping bit
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impregnated diamond drill bit
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indicating bit
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information bit
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injection drill bit
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insert drill bit
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integral bit
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jet drill bit
-
junk bit
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knockover bit
-
least significant bit
-
low bit
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matching bit
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mill-tooth drill bit
-
most significant bit
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multilayer diamond drill bit
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nose bit
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overflow bit
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overhead bit
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parity check bit
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parity bit
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pilot drill bit
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pineapple drill bit
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plug-center bit
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pointed drill bit
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point drill bit
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precementing reamer bit
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presence bit
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protection bit
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reamer bit
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redundancy bit
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reference bit
-
reverse circulation drill bit
-
rock cutter drill bit
-
rock drill bit
-
roller cutter drill bit
-
roller drill bit
-
rolling cutter drill bit
-
rolling drill bit
-
rose bit
-
rotary drill bit
-
security bit
-
service bit
-
sign bit
-
single-layer diamond drill bit
-
spoon bit
-
sprig bit
-
spudding bit
-
spudding drill bit
-
start bit
-
status bits
-
steel-tooth bit
-
stop bit
-
storage bit
-
straight bit
-
stuff bit
-
tag bit
-
tapered bit
-
trace bit
-
tricone drill bit
-
twist bit
-
two-cone drill bit
-
unassigned bits
-
unbalanced jet drill bit
-
validity bit
-
valid bit
binary digitдвоичный разряд, бит -
11 bit
1) битг) физическое представление единицы информации на носителе или в виде сигнала3) вчт проф. сведения4) характерное поведение или действие; характерная ситуация5) обсуждаемая тема; рассматриваемый вопрос6) (сменная) головка; (сменный) наконечник; (сменная) вставка с рабочим инструментом•- 64-bitbits per inch — число бит на дюйм (характеристика плотности записи напр. на магнитную ленту)
- additional bit
- address bit
- archive bit
- availability bit
- binary bit
- carry bit
- change bit
- channel bit
- check bit
- clock bit
- color bits
- control bit
- copper bit
- cutting bit
- data bit
- drilling bit
- erroneous bit
- flag bit
- framing bit
- granularity bit
- guard bit
- high-order bit
- housekeeping bit
- information bit
- input bit
- junior bit
- least significant bit
- lockout bit
- mask bit
- matching bit
- merging bit
- meta bit
- most significant bit
- overflow bit
- overhead bit
- parity bit
- presence bit
- q-bit
- qualifying bit
- quantum bit
- redundant bit
- reference bit
- senior bit
- sign bit
- start bit
- status bit
- sticky bit
- stop bit
- sync bit
- tail bits
- track bits
- valid bit
- validity bit
- wrapping bit
- zero bit
- zone bits -
12 bit
1) битг) физическое представление единицы информации на носителе или в виде сигнала3) вчт.; проф. сведения4) характерное поведение или действие; характерная ситуация5) обсуждаемая тема; рассматриваемый вопрос6) (сменная) головка; (сменный) наконечник; (сменная) вставка с рабочим инструментом•bits per inch — число бит на дюйм (характеристика плотности записи напр. на магнитную ленту)
- 64 bit- additional bit
- address bit
- archive bit
- availability bit
- binary bit
- bit of content
- carry bit
- change bit
- channel bit
- check bit
- clock bit
- color bits
- control bit
- copper bit
- cutting bit
- data bit
- drilling bit
- erroneous bit
- flag bit
- framing bit
- granularity bit
- guard bit
- high-order bit
- housekeeping bit
- information bit
- input bit
- junior bit
- least significant bit
- lockout bit
- mask bit
- matching bit
- merging bit
- meta bit
- most significant bit
- overflow bit
- overhead bit
- parity bit
- presence bit
- q-bit
- qualifying bit
- quantum bit
- redundant bit
- reference bit
- senior bit
- sign bit
- start bit
- status bit
- sticky bit
- stop bit
- sync bit
- tail bits
- track bits
- valid bit
- validity bit
- wrapping bit
- zero bit
- zone bitsThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > bit
-
13 bit
[̈ɪbɪt]addition bit вчт. дополнительный бит address bit вчт. разряд адреса bit past & p. p. от bite bit вчт. бит bit бородка (ключа) bit бур; бурав; зубило bit взнуздывать bit двоичный знак (в вычислительных машинах) bit вчт. двоичный разряд bit кусочек; частица, небольшое количество; a bit немного; not a bit ничуть; bit by bit постепенно; wait a bit подождите минуту; he is a bit of a coward он трусоват bit кусочек; частица, небольшое количество; a bit немного; not a bit ничуть; bit by bit постепенно; wait a bit подождите минуту; he is a bit of a coward он трусоват bit мелкая монета; short bit амер. монета в 10 центов; long bit монета в 15 центов; two bit s амер. монета в 25 центов bit обуздывать, сдерживать bit режущий край инструмента; лезвие bit удила; мундштук; to draw bit натянуть поводья, вожжи; to take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила bit attr.: bit part эпизодическая роль bit кусочек; частица, небольшое количество; a bit немного; not a bit ничуть; bit by bit постепенно; wait a bit подождите минуту; he is a bit of a coward он трусоват bit by bit вчт. побитно bit by bit вчт. поразрядно bit off вчт. нулевой бит bit attr.: bit part эпизодическая роль bit per inch вчт. бит на дюйм bit per second вчт. бит в секунду to do one's bit внести свою лепту; делать свое дело, исполнять свой долг; bits and pieces остатки, обрезки, хлам bits off вчт. нулевые биты carry bit вчт. перенос carry bit вчт. разряд переноса change bit вчт. бит изменений check bit вчт. контрольный разряд check bit вчт. проверочный разряд deletion bit вчт. бит удаления to do one's bit внести свою лепту; делать свое дело, исполнять свой долг; bits and pieces остатки, обрезки, хлам bit удила; мундштук; to draw bit натянуть поводья, вожжи; to take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила dropped bit вчт. потерянный бит flag bit вчт. флаговый разряд framing bit вчт. кадрирующий бит to get a bit on разг. быть навеселе; he (she) is a bit long in the tooth он (она) уже не ребенок to give (smb.) a bit of one's mind высказаться напрямик, откровенно to get a bit on разг. быть навеселе; he (she) is a bit long in the tooth он (она) уже не ребенок bit кусочек; частица, небольшое количество; a bit немного; not a bit ничуть; bit by bit постепенно; wait a bit подождите минуту; he is a bit of a coward он трусоват high bit вчт. единичный бит ignore bit вчт. пустой разряд information bit вчт. информационный разряд least-significant bit вчт. младший разряд lockout bit вчт. разряд блокировки bit мелкая монета; short bit амер. монета в 10 центов; long bit монета в 15 центов; two bit s амер. монета в 25 центов low bit вчт. нулевой бит mask bit вчт. бит маски match bit вчт. разряд совпадения merging bits вчт. биты сшивания most significant bit вчт. старший бит bit кусочек; частица, небольшое количество; a bit немного; not a bit ничуть; bit by bit постепенно; wait a bit подождите минуту; he is a bit of a coward он трусоват not: bit at all не стоит (благодарности); not a bit (of it) нисколько; not but, not but that, not but what хотя; не то чтобы opcode bit вчт. разряд кода операции parity bit вчт. бит четности parity bit вчт. контрольный двоичный разряд четности presence bit вчт. бит наличия protection bit вчт. бит защиты qualifying bit вчт. указательный бит reference bit вчт. бит обращения security bit вчт. бит защиты service bit вчт. служебный бит bit мелкая монета; short bit амер. монета в 10 центов; long bit монета в 15 центов; two bit s амер. монета в 25 центов sign bit вчт. знаковый бит slack bits вчт. заполняющий бит stack bit вчт. заполняющий бит start bit вчт. стартовый бит state bit вчт. бит состояния stop bit вчт. стоп-бит stop bit вчт. стоповый бит synch bit вчт. бит цикла синхронизации to take a bit of doing требовать затраты усилий bit удила; мундштук; to draw bit натянуть поводья, вожжи; to take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила bit мелкая монета; short bit амер. монета в 10 центов; long bit монета в 15 центов; two bit s амер. монета в 25 центов unit bit вчт. единичный бит use bit вчт. бит пользователя validity bit вчт. бит достоверности validity bit вчт. разряд достоверности bit кусочек; частица, небольшое количество; a bit немного; not a bit ничуть; bit by bit постепенно; wait a bit подождите минуту; he is a bit of a coward он трусоват zero bit вчт. нулевой бит zone bit вчт. бит зоны -
14 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
15 bit
1) в теории информации минимальная единица количества информации, равная информации о наступлении одного из двух равновероятных исходов некоторого события (например, о падении монеты одной или другой стороной вверх).2) в ЭВМ двоичный разряд ячейки памяти или регистра (например, "флаги результата сравнения хранятся в младших двух битах регистра флагов").3) pl, sl сведения•- activity bit
- additional bit
- address bit
- binary bit
- bit by bit
- bits per second
- bucky bits
- carry bit
- carry/link bit
- change bit
- check bit
- condition bit
- control bit
- data bit
- data-direction bit
- decimal adjust bit
- don't care bit
- dropped bit
- effective bit
- erroneous bit
- fetch protection bit
- fix-it bit
- flag bit
- framing bit
- go bit
- guard bit
- hidden bit
- high-order bit
- ignore bit
- indicating bit
- information bit
- interest bit
- least sugnificant bit
- leftmost bit
- link bit
- lockout bit
- lower order bit
- maintenance bit
- mask set enable bit
- masked bit
- match bit
- most significant bit
- negative bit
- no bit
- occupancy bit
- opcode bit
- overhead bit
- overrun bit
- own bit
- parity check bit
- parity bit
- presence bit
- program-protect bit
- protection bit
- punctuation bit
- qualifying bit
- redundancy bit
- redundant bit
- redundant check bit
- reference bit
- repeat bit
- security bit
- select bit
- service bit
- sign bit
- slack bits
- space bit
- start bit
- status bit
- stencil bit
- sticky bit
- stop bit
- storage bit
- synch bit
- tag bit
- trace bit
- uppermost bit
- vacancy bit
- validity bit
- zone bitEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > bit
См. также в других словарях:
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